Classic Sci-Fi Ladies

With searing temperatures (40 - 44 degrees Celcius) baking my city of Melbourne along with a large part of Australia for the past week, I thought I might turn up the heat just a little more with this post. This is my tribute to the many lovely ladies who appeared and featured in classic sci-fi films of the 1950s.

For many women it was a time of transition. On the one hand women were often viewed through a more limited and traditional lense where they were seen as being compliant stay-at-home moms who needn't worry their pretty heads with "men's business." On the other hand, it was becoming increasingly obvious that women needed to be taken more seriously and were more than fully capable of taking on any role in life they wanted. 

The portrayal of women in sci-fi movies of the time often highlighted this growing tension and unease between society's traditional expectations concerning the role of women and the kinds of changes that were taking place or were looming on the horizon. Unfortunately, the end result on film was often a rather uncomfortable and ham-fisted approach to dealing with issues concerning gender relationships, interactions and the role of women in society. 

Despite how far women could and did go, it was as if society at the time held up a restraining hand and said, "sorry, no further." And so with the other hand, women could be guided to the safe haven and refuge of marriage and domesticity as society, the media, education and the all the other institutions intended for them all along.

Click on the film titles for links to the relevant posts / films in this blog.

Part 1: 1950 - 1954

1950

The Flying Saucer

Virginia Hewitt played Nanette in the film 

A race between the United States and Russia to capture a flying saucer hidden in the uncharted, avalanche-prone wastelands of Alaska.

Prehistoric Women

Laurette Luez 

Tigri (Laurette Luez) and her stone-age girlfriends hate all men, but out of necessity capture some for potential “husbands.”

Rocketship X-M

Osa Massen 

Four men and a woman shoot for the moon but land on Mars instead only to find that Mars is inhabited and has some lessons for humanity.

1951

The Day the Earth Stood Still

Patricia Neal 

An alien lands on Earth and informs humanity that they must live peacefully or be destroyed as a danger to other planets.

Five

Susan Douglas

Survivors of a nuclear holocaust build their relationship. A commentary on the good and evil aspects of mankind.

Flight to Mars

Marguerite Chapman 

A crew crash-lands on Mars, where they find an advanced civilization and a plot that could mean the annihilation of Earth.

The Man from Planet X

Margaret Field (Mother of Sally Field)

A ship from the mysterious Planet X happens to land near the Scottish observatory set up to study the planet. Is the alien visitor a threat or does it have more to fear from us?

The Thing from Another World

Margaret Sheridan 

(Love her character in this film!) 

The crew of a remote Arctic base battle with a murderous life form from outer space.

Unknown World

Marilyn Nash 

An intrepid expedition descends to the Earth's core in search of a safe haven for all humanity.

When Worlds Collide

Barbara Rush 

(Not a hair out of place!) 

A dying star hurls through space on a collision course with Earth, with no way to stop it. The hope of the planet's citizens lies in the construction and flight of an interplanetary vessel that will carry a handful of humans to start anew on another planet.

The Lost Continent (1951)

Acquanetta

An atomic rocket loses control and crash-lands on an uncharted island in the South Pacific. Maj. Joe Nolan heads a rescue mission to recover it. On their way to the site of the wreckage Nolan and his crew discover that they're traversing a lost world populated by dinosaurs.

1952

Invasion USA

Peggie Castle

Set during the Cold War, the film portrays the invasion of the United States by an unnamed (clearly Soviet Russia) Communist enemy.

Red Planet Mars

Andrea King 

(I found her to be somewhat scary in this film!)

A husband and wife scientist team try to prove the existence of life on Mars. The messages they received back from the red planet were decoded and revealed to be quotes from the Judeo-Christian Bible! All sorts of questions are then raised!

1953

The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms

Paula Raymond

After an atomic bomb test in the northern polar ice cap, a gigantic dinosaur-the fictional "Rhedosaurus"-is awakened. It then heads for the US Eastern seaboard, and proceeds to chew up and stomp all over New York City. 

Cat-Women of the Moon

               Marie Windsor                                      Susan Morrow as Lambda

An expedition to the moon discovers a subterranean cavern inhabited solely by ruthless cat-women who have not seen men in centuries. As the air supply is escaping from the caves, the cat-women must capture the crew and escape to Earth.

Donovan's Brain

Nancy Davis (Nancy Reagan)

When the plane of millionaire William Donovan crashes, Dr Patrick Cory removes Donovan’s brain and keeps it alive in a tank. However, Donovan asserts control over the mind of Cory, forcing him to continue Donovan’s corrupt financial schemes.

Four Sided Triangle

Barbara Payton

A pair of young scientists have perfected a "reproducer," a machine that can duplicate anything, including Barbara Payton (Yes please! I want one!) However, the Payton character has feelings of love for only one of the two physicists whom she will marry.

Invaders from Mars

Helena Carter

Young David MacLean sees strange lights going down beyond the hill outside his parents' house. Over time, his father and mother, along with others in the town go over the hill and return changed. David notes that all of them return with marks at the back of their necks. Only a health inspector and an astronomer believe David’s story and they call in the army to take on the Martian invaders who have ensconced themselves beneath the hill.

It Came from Outer Space

Barbara Rush

(Once more)

An alien spaceship crashes in the Arizona desert. An amateur astronomer and a schoolteacher suspect alien influence when the local townsfolk begin to act strangely.

Mesa of Lost Women

Tandra Quinn

Mad scientist, Dr. Aranya, in a secret lab atop "Zarpa Mesa" injects spiders with a Growth Serum. The female spiders turn onto beautiful curvaceous women while the male spiders transform into dwarves. Psychoanalysis anyone? If the story doesn’t appeal to you, well….there’s always Tandra!

Phantom from Space

Noreen Nash

An alien being lands in Santa Monica. The frightening appearance of his spacesuit causes two people to attack him. He kills both of them and is then on the run pursued by government authorities who discover that the alien is in fact invisible

Project Moonbase

Donna Martell

Set in the then future of 1970, a group of pilots and scientists on a huge space station are determined to establish a U.S. military base on the moon. This project’s success is threatened by a foreign spy from we all know where….

The War of the Worlds

Ann Robinson 

An 1950s updated version of H.G. Wells' classic sci-fi story in tune with the concerns of the Cold War era with special effects that have the power to stun even 21st. century audiences. Not to mention Anne Robinson's power to stun!

1954

Crash of Moons

Sally Mansfield

Rocky Jones and his "buddy" Winky (yes, Winky) try to avert a crisis involving a pair of inhabited moons whose eccentric orbit is going to collapse, destroying them both. However, one moon is presided over by dictator Cleolanta who has other plans. Seriously.....Winky?

Creature from the Black Lagoon

Julie Adams

A group of scientists try to capture a strange prehistoric beast in the depths of the Amazon jungle. They intend to bring it back to civilization for study.

(Coming soon to this blog)

Devil Girl from Mars

Patricia Laffan

Mars has lots of women and they need human men to breed with. Nyah has come to Earth in order to collect our planet’s males as breeding stock. All she had to do was call for volunteers!

GOJIRA "GODZILLA"

Momoko Kouchi

American nuclear weapons testing results in the creation of a seemingly unstoppable, dinosaur-like beast. 

Gog

Constance Dowling

A secret underground laboratory suffers incidents of sabotage and murder resulting in the involvement of a security agent tasked with investigating these happenings.

Riders to the Stars

Martha Hyer

Astronauts are sent into space in three separate rockets in an effort to capture a meteor and bring it back to Earth for examination.

Part 2 of "Classic Sci-Fi Ladies" will appear in a later post

©Chris Christopoulos 2014

A Tribute To Richard Carlson

“Writer, producer, director, film editor - a brilliant guy," 

(Riders to the Stars editor, Herbert L. Strock)

• Born: Richard Dutoit Carlson on April 29, 1912, Albert Lea, Minnesota, U.S. 
• Died: November 25, 1977 (aged 65), Encino, Los Angeles, California, U.S. 
• Cause of death: Cerebral haemorrhage 
• Occupation: Actor, television and film director, screenwriter covering1937–75 
• Spouse: Mona Carlson (1939 until his death in 1977) 
• Children: Richard Henry Carlson, Christopher Hugh Carlson 
• Parents: Mabel Du Toit & Henry Carlson

Magnetic Monster (1953) Starring Richard Carlson - Trailer

Carlson was born in Albert Lea, Minnesota, the son of an attorney. He graduated from the University of Minnesota with a Master of Arts degree in English. After a brief stint as a drama teacher he settled on the performing arts where he invested his money in buying his own theatre in Minneapolis, featuring himself as the star. By the age of 23, he performed on Broadway opposite Ethel Barrymore, Jimmy Durante and Ethel Merman.

His first film role was in the 1938 David O. Selznick comedy The Young in Heart. He worked as a freelance actor, appearing in many different film studio works, beginning in 1939 when he moved to California. Prior to the war, Carlson appeared mostly in comedies and dramas some being quite ordinary second features or commercial failures. However, in The Little Foxes (1941) he had a standout performance as newspaperman David Hewitt.

Carlson’s career was interrupted by his serving in World War II. After returning he found it difficult to obtain new roles. In 1948 he was cast in two low-budget film noir films, Behind Locked Doors and The Amazing Mr. X. Greater success came Carlson’s way when in 1950 he co-starred with Deborah Kerr and Stewart Granger in the highly successful MGM Technicolor remake of King Solomon's Mines.

Of particular relevance to the subject of this blog is the then newly emergent science fiction and horror B films of the 1950s which gave Carlson an avenue for the rebuilding of his career. As we have seen already in previous posts, Richard Carlson starred in several cult sci-fi features such as Jack Arnold's, It Came from Outer Space (1953), The Magnetic Monster (1953) and Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954). In the previous post it was also mentioned that Carlson both directed and starred in the 1954 science fiction film Riders to the Stars. Of particular note was his performance as astronomer John Putnam in It Came from Outer Space. It stands as one of the greatest performances of science fiction film, delivered as it was with intelligence and passion.

Apart from his various film and television writing and directing projects, Carlson starred in the Cold War drama television series I Led Three Lives from 1953 to 1956. It was based on a book of the same title by Herbert A. Philbrick. This was at a time when America was in the grip of McCarthyism. In the series Carlson played the role of Herbert A. Philbrick who infiltrated the Communist Party on behalf of the FBI.

In the 1958-1959 television season Carlson played the part of Colonel Ranald Mackenzie in the western series, Mackenzie's Raiders.

For the remainder of his acting career, Carlson made guest appearances in western and detective series such as, The Virginian (1962), Perry Mason (1957), The F.B.I. (1965) and Cannon (1971); directed westerns such as Kid Rodelo (1965) and also wrote TV scripts as well as magazine articles on various non-fiction subjects. After his retirement in 1975, Richard lived the last two years of his life in Sherman Oaks, California.

Carlson died of a cerebral haemorrhage on November 25, 1977 in Encino, California. He was buried in Los Angeles National Cemetery, in West Los Angeles. Richard Carlson has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contribution to the television industry.

FILMS

• Change of Habit (1969) 
• The Valley of Gwangi (1969) 
• The Power (1968) 
• The Doomsday Flight (1966) 
• Kid Rodelo (1965) 
• Della (1964)

• Tormented (1960) 
• The Unchained Goddess (1958) 
• Hemo the Magnificent (1957) 
• The Strange Case of the Cosmic Rays (1957) 
• The Helen Morgan Story (1957) 
• Three for Jamie Dawn (1956) 
• An Annapolis Story (1955) 
• Bengazi (1955) 
• The Last Command (1955)

• Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954) 
• Riders to the Stars (1954) 
• It Came from Outer Space (1953) 
• All I Desire (1953) 
• Seminole (1953) 
• The Maze (1953)

• The Magnetic Monster (1953) 
• Flat Top (1952) 
• Retreat, Hell! (1952) 
• The Rose Bowl Story (1952) 
• The Blue Veil (1951) 
• A Millionaire for Christy (1951) 
• The Sound of Fury (1951) 
• Whispering Smith Hits London (1951)
• Valentino (1951) 

• King Solomon's Mines (1950) 
• Behind Locked Doors (1948) 
• The Amazing Mr. X (1948) 
• So Well Remembered (1947) with John Mills
• The Man from Down Under (1943) 
• Presenting Lily Mars (1943) 
• A Stranger in Town (1943) 
• Young Ideas (1943) 
• Fly-By-Night (1942) 
• Highways by Night (1942) 
• White Cargo (1942) 
• The Affairs of Martha (1942) 
• My Heart Belongs to Daddy (1942) 
• Hold That Ghost (1941) 
• Back Street (1941) 
• The Little Foxes (1941) 
• West Point Widow (1941) 
• The Ghost Breakers (1940) 
• The Howards of Virginia (1940) 
• No, No, Nanette (1940) 
• Too Many Girls (1940) 
• Beyond Tomorrow (1940) 
• Little Accident (1939) 
• Winter Carnival (1939) 
• Dancing Co-Ed (1939) 
• These Glamour Girls (1939) 
• The Duke of West Point (1938) 
• The Young in Heart (1938)

TELEVISION SERIES

• Mackenzie's Raiders, 1958-1959 syndicated TV series

• I Led Three Lives, 1953-1956 syndicated TV series

©Chris Christopoulos 2014

Riders to the Stars (1954)

An ambitions sci-fi adult drama that refuses to wallow in menaces and threats from beyond. A serious consideration of the possibility of space travel at the dawn of the Space Age. Competent acting. Falls rather short of being considered a sci-fi film classic though.

“Riders to the Stars” is an American science fiction film that was released in 1954 by Ivan Tors Productions and directed by Richard Carlson. It is the second episode in Ivan Tors' “Office of Scientific Investigation” (OSI) trilogy, coming after “The Magnetic Monster” and before “Gog”, both of which are featured in this blog.

Directed by Richard Carlson, Herbert L. Strock
Produced by Maxwell Smith (associate producer: Scientific Research), Herbert L. Strock (associate producer), Ivan Tors (producer)
Written by Curt Siodmak, Ivan Tors (story)
Music by Harry Sukman
Cinematography Stanley Cortez, Joseph F. Biroc
Editing by Herbert L. Strock
Distributed by United Artists Corporation
Running time: 81 minutes

Cast

William Lundigan as Dr. Richard Donald Stanton
Herbert Marshall as Dr. Donald L. Stanton / Narrator
Richard Carlson as Dr. Jerome "Jerry" Lockwood
Martha Hyer as Dr. Jane Flynn
Dawn Addams as Susan Manners
Robert Karnes as Walter J. Gordon
Lawrence Dobkin as Dr. Delmar
George Eldredge as Dr. Paul Drayden
Dan Riss as Dr. Frank Warner
Michael Fox as Dr. Klinger (psychiatrist)
King Donovan as James F. O'Herli, Security
Kem Dibbs as David Wells
James Best as Sidney K. Fuller

Trailer

Plot

Warning: This Post Contains Spoilers!

Dr. Donald Stanton and his colleagues are working on manned space travel. The seriousness of the enterprise is made apparent at the start of the film when we are informed that “man has met every challenge but one-the void of space” in which he will be met by “radiation and agonizing cold.” However, it also turns out that even the best quality steel turns brittle in outer space. It seems as if the steel’s molecular structure is rearranged by radiation or as Dr Jane Flynn suggests that the metal has weakened because of exposure to cosmic rays. She wonders how meteors can survive such conditions for millions of years. Since meteorites are not subject to the same problem, Stanton inspired by Jane puts together a project to recover some meteors before they enter the atmosphere in order to find out how their "outer shell" protects them so that they can build spacecraft that can withstand the rigors of space travel. This program will require sending astronauts into space for the first time and to this end twelve scientists are recruited and are required to undergo a series of tests. However, the men are kept in the dark as to the purpose of the project.

The 12 men are taken by bus to Snake Mountain Proving grounds, operated by the Office for Scientist Investigation. They are then escorted to a holding room where over time they try to figure what is going on and what they are doing. Unknown to them, Dr Klinger the project psychologist is there among them to observe their behaviour in order to determine their suitability for the project. For instance, he recommends Fuller be cut from the program because of his claustrophobia.

The next morning the candidates undergo the gravity test which is capable of producing 12 gee acceleration. While in the centrifuge the first two men achieve 9 gees before passing out. Drayden is concerned this will not be enough and from the remaining 6 candidates they have to find 4 that can pass. Dr Stanton is the next candidate to take the test. He achieves 12 gees and successfully manages to complete all the tasks given to him.

Dr Donald Stanton calls a meeting of the four remaining men who made it through the test where he explains the purpose of the mission they are proposing and that “survival depends on being the first in space.” Dr Stanton then hands each man an envelope and asks them to take a week to consider if they are interested or not and then mail in their answer. Stanton, Lockwood, and Walter Gordon accept the dangerous assignment, while Wells quits in disgust (“here we go again boys, wars!”) since he hates the idea there could be military applications involved.

Later on Dr Stanton shows the men a film of two mice launched into space, the effects of weightlessness on them and their successful return to Earth. He then informs them that the Mount Palomar observatory is tracking a suitable swarm of meteors which will be able to be intercepted in two weeks. The training of the three men begins as final assembly of the rockets is completed. Timing, precision and strict adherence to procedures is stressed, particularly with the operation of the meteor scoop which is to be used to capture the meteors for return to Earth.

Finally, three one-man rockets are sent a couple of hundred miles up into space to intercept the meteor swarm. At first Gordon attempts to capture a meteor despite warnings from the ground that the target is too large. Gordon ignores them and attempts to capture the meteor. The rock impacts the ship and it is destroyed. Lockwood then suffers a mental breakdown when he sees Gordon's body hit his view screen and sail on past his ship. In terror he imagines that he’s back in WWII and tries to return to Earth. Thinking he is in a plane he tries release himself so he that he can bail out of the rocket. As he struggles to get out of his chair he accidentally fires his engines and hurtles away from the Earth.

Stanton meanwhile has missed the main swarm, but a stray single meteor crosses his flight path. He then makes the decision to capture it (“like shooting fish in a barrel!”) contrary to the warnings from ground control that he will use up too much fuel and burn up upon re-entry. He moves in to intercept the rock and succeeds in capturing the meteor. Stanton then begins the process of returning to Earth.

Since Stanton has used too many rockets capturing the meteor, he is going to re-enter the atmosphere a bit too fast. He will need to let the rocket get deeper into the atmosphere so that he can nose the ship and decelerate. Meanwhile, the heat inside the suit has become unbearable. All Stanton can do is to try and glide the rocket in. He eventually manages to crash land heavily.

Stanton is pulled from the wreckage by emergency teams and he regains consciousness to be greeted with a kiss from Dr Flynn. His father, Dr Stanton inspects the recovered meteor and identifies its covering as being “crystallized carbon.” The secret to long term space travel has been discovered!

Points Of Interest

The title of the film “Riders to the Stars” has an optimistic ring to it as if what lies beyond our world holds the promise of a new frontier for human kind to explore. How much of this initial, almost naïve optimism we as a species seem to have lost in the intervening 60 years! It has been over 40 years since mankind has set foot on another world beyond our planet and we have limited our physical presence in space to mere low Earth orbit. Budget restraints, lack of political will, fickle levels of interest and short attention spans, along with the demise of Cold War superpower rivalry have contributed to reining in the human spirit and yearning to break free of our terrestrial bonds. It is more than reasonable to ask ourselves whether it is better to devote our resources to solving the many problems that are being faced here on Earth. However, more than ever we need a collectively inspiring human enterprise that will unite our species and ensure our long-term survival. Make no mistake: one day we humans will have to leave our planet and seek a home somewhere else among the stars. Our ability to move beyond the confines of this planet will form part of the continuing process of life finding a way to establish itself and thrive throughout the universe. As is mentioned in the film during a discussion of man vs machine in space exploration, human qualities such as belligerence and sheer courage are important. As good as robotic probes are, direct human observation and perception are essential for a complete understanding of the unknown. As is also stated in the film, “we live in the dark on Earth-like blind moles.”

The operation involving the meteor scoop to capture the meteors for return to Earth is far from being a far-fetched concept. Using robotic space vehicles, we have already rendezvoused with and landed on an asteroid. The exploitation of asteroids for resources such as iron, nickel, titanium, water, oxygen and hydrogen and even the moon for such elements as Helium-3, rare Earth minerals such as yttrium, lanthanum and samarium, as well as titanium and iron has been seriously proposed.

In the film, Riders to the Stars, the Pentagon runs a computer program and comes up with 12 men out of 150 million who may be able to help with the mission. The information or computer data that is stored and obtained by the OSI is rather limited being based largely on types of occupation. Compare this to the identification and profiling that can be and is being done today based on masses of stored and shared data on individuals by agencies such as the NSA.

The film is very much a product of the Cold War era with emphasis on security and secrecy. For instance, security agent OHerli visits Dr Richard Stanton, head of an electronics research department and informs him that he is” invited” by the government to go out and spend a week in California as if he is some kind of guest. The security officer states that he knows no more other than the details of the invitation. In fact, the tests and what the scientists are trying to achieve are conducted by keeping the astronauts in the program in the dark as to what is happening. Of course there is the government directive to “find out if man can survive in space” and “if they can, ours must be the first.” In real life, as the former Soviet Union was preparing for manned space flight the level of secrecy was extreme. For instance, the identities of those who were selected as candidates for cosmonaut training were concealed, as was the fact that some of those undergoing training and testing had lost their lives in the process. In fact, the images of some of those unfortunate cosmonauts were airbrushed out of photos as if they had not existed. Even 60 years later, we often find ourselves denied vital information on the grounds of “national security” or no comment on matters of “operational matters” lest some “enemy” gets wind of what we’re up to.

If and when we do embark on extended human missions into outer space or establish human bases on the moon and Mars, psychological suitability and the well-being of astronauts and mission specialists will be of vital importance. In the film, Riders to the Stars Dr Lockwood is called to Dr Stanton’s office to be questioned over the reasons for volunteering for the mission. In particular, he is questioned about his relationship with Susan, his desire to marry her and her refusal of his offer. There is obvious concern about his emotional state with Dr Delmar going so far as to wonder if thoughts of suicide have crossed Lockwood’s mind. Lockwood reassures his questioners about his desire to fly the rocket and that he may have still wanted to go on the mission even if Susan had accepted his proposal. The psychological aspects of space travel is further highlighted in the tense dramatic scene involving Lockwood panicking and thinking “he’s back in the war” resulting in his rocket shooting out into space. Then there is the scene in which we witness Gordon snapping under pressure and careening around the cabin of his ship in a (for the time) convincing depiction of weightlessness. Either that or he suffered an overdose of caffeine and an exploding bladder from all the coffee the astronauts consumed just prior to their mission!

Curt Siodmak, the writer of the story, Riders to the Stars also wrote the novel, Donovan's Brain (1942) the film of which is featured in this blog. His other film contributions and involvements include, The Magnetic Monster (1953,) Creature with the Atom Brain (1955), Earth vs. the Flying Saucers (1956)

Richard Carlson directed and acted in Riders to the Stars. He also was an actor in the films, The Magnetic Monster (1953), It Came from Outer Space and Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954). Richard Carlson, once described by the film’s editor, Herbert L. Strock as a "writer, producer, director, film editor - a brilliant guy," managed to put together a film with an almost documentary-like realism complete with shots of an actual centrifuge, real rocket launch footage and the use of scientific equipment in various scenes. However, it is quite obvious that unconvincing model rockets were used for the meteor capture scenes.

It is unfortunate, however, that a bit too much emphasis was placed on the technology and detailed discussions of scientific concepts at the expense of the drama and story itself. This was at least off-set with the astronauts’ dramatic and well-paced encounter with the anticipated meteor shower. In the next post there will be a tribute to Richard Carlson.

And of course there’s William Lundigan. I loved that pioneering series that he starred in called “Men Into Space” (1959-1960). That series presented a very serious and often accurate depiction of what space travel would entail, with one episode even touching on the possibility of extra-terrestrial life. Lundigan played the sure and dependable Colonel McCauley and seemed born for the role of astronaut, not to mention just how many missions into space he managed to clock up! All sponsored by Lucky Strikes cigarettes!

Riders to the Stars is definitely a part of the sci-fi genre where;

“Everything in the realm of imagination is in the realm of possibilities”

©Chris Christopoulos 2014